Benzalkonium chloride (BKC)

Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is a widely used quaternary ammonium compound known for its antimicrobial, disinfectant, and preservative properties. It is a cationic surfactant effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.

Key Facts:

• Chemical nature: Mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides
• Physical form: Clear to slightly yellow liquid or solid powder
• Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols
• Antimicrobial action: Disrupts microbial cell membranes causing cell death
• Common uses:
  • Disinfectants and sanitizers (healthcare, food industry, household)
  • Preservatives in pharmaceuticals (eye drops, nasal sprays)
  • Ingredients in cosmetics and personal care (shampoos, lotions)
  • Water treatment and aquaculture

Safety:

• Can irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
• Toxic to aquatic life—requires careful disposal
• Use appropriate protective equipment during handling