Benzalkonium Chloride?
Benzalkonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) used extensively for its antimicrobial, surfactant, and preservative properties. It is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, with alkyl chain lengths typically ranging from C12 to C18.
- Synonyms: BKC, BAC, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
- CAS Number: Commonly 63449-41-2
- Molecular Formula (generalized): C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂R·Cl (R = alkyl group)
- Appearance: Clear to yellowish liquid or solid, depending on formulation
- Solubility: Fully soluble in water and ethanol
🔬 Key Properties
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Type | Cationic surfactant, biocide |
| Activity | Bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.0–8.0 |
| Stability | Stable in water and neutral pH |
🧼 Applications
-
Healthcare & Hygiene
- Disinfectants and antiseptics (wipes, hand sanitizers, surgical scrubs)
- Surface cleaning agents in hospitals and clinics
-
Pharmaceuticals
- Preservative in eye drops, nasal sprays, and topical solutions
-
Personal Care
- Used in shampoos, deodorants, and cosmetics for antimicrobial effect
-
Industrial & Household Cleaning
- Antibacterial sprays, hard surface disinfectants, floor cleaners
-
Water Treatment
- Biofilm control in cooling towers, aquaculture, and wastewater
🧪 Mechanism of Action
BKC disrupts the lipid membranes of microorganisms, causing leakage of cellular contents, enzyme inactivation, and ultimately cell death.
⚠️ Safety and Handling
- Skin/Eye Irritant: Can cause irritation and allergic reactions in high concentrations
- Toxic to Aquatic Life: Must be properly diluted and disposed
-
Typical Use Concentration:
- Antiseptics: 0.01–0.13%
- Surface disinfectants: 0.05–0.2%
- Eye drops: 0.004–0.02%
🧴 Available Forms
- Liquid concentrate: Often sold at 50% or 80% BKC
- Powder/semisolid form: ≥95% pure
- Formulated products: Ready-to-use disinfectants and sanitizers